Condenser unit



Feb-'15, 1938. E. E. ALLYNE ET AL CONDENSER UNIT Filed March 29, 1934 3Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS" ti/llgf MM @l/Z/fl. ammy 6F Feb. 15, 1938. E.E. ALLYNE AL 60 ,7

CONDENSER UNIT Filed Mich 291 1934 3 Shee ts-She'et 2 INVENTORS @l/Z/K.

A RNEY.

EEALLY/VEQ h/J Feb. 15, 1938. E. E. ALLYNE ET AL ,3 v

CONDENSER UNIT Filed March 29, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 5/ I INVENTORSBYEEALL YNE h/JGl/Z/K WAT RNEY Patented Feb. 15, 1938 CONDENSER uNi'rEdmund E. Allyne and Walter J. Guzik, Cleveland, Ohio Application March29', 1934, Serial No. 718,051

7 '7 Claims.

The invention relates to improvements incondensers, and, more especiallyto condensers used in intermittent absorption refrigerating systems,

using a dead end circuit, the condenser being the dead end of thecircuit.

In a dead end absorption refrigerating system, the generator absorbergenerates vapor in the form of aqua ammonia vapor, by means of applyingheat to the generator absorber.

The vapor is forced under pressure, 1. e., in generating the vapor apressure is set up in the gem erator, which forces the vapor to arectifier where the major portion of the water in the vapor is removedtherefrom and returned to the generator absorber. The ammonia vaporcontinues to the evaporator and, thence, to the condenser, where it isstored in a condenser receiver, building up a pressure in the condenserunit and above the condensed liquor. At the end of the heating pe- 20rice] or cycle, the pressure generated" in the generator absorber stopsand the built up pressure in the condenser unit forces the ammonialiquor back to the evaporator where it is deposited in the evaporator.During the refrigerating cycle the heat of the refrigerator compartmentis absorbed by the ammonia liquor inthe freezing coils, boiling theammonia liquor, and returns in the form of vapor from the freezing coilsto the evaporator and, thence, back to the generator absorber.

In a system of this type, mm of the utmost importance that the ammoniavapor be condensed as rapidly as possible, in order to maintain'asynchronized balance between the generator ab- 35 sorber and thecondenser unit. It is obvious, therefore, that a highly efficientcondenser unit must be used.

It has been the practice in the pastto provide a condenser unit, havinga condenser receiver and a series of coils associated therewith, orother suitable fneans of heat transfer, the condenser unit beingsurrounded, or immersed in a liquid transfer means, such as impoundedwater, or running water. 4

Where an impounded liquid is used as the heat transfer agent, the volumeof liquid necessary for eflicient condensing requires extremely large'area in order to carry off the heat-of the con-- denser. Where the areais restricted, heat units are built up more rapidly than the liquidtransfer means can carry away. The result is extremely ineflicientoperation of the system, due mainly to the impounded heat retained bythe liquid.

'A moving, or flowing liquid, such asrunning ning water.

through additional cooling means,

water, is also objectionable, due to the'high initial cost ofinstallation, requiring piping from the water supply and a return linefor drainage, as well as the variable temperature of the run- The addedexpense of running water is also objectionable and retards the sale tohomes having no running water.

An object, therefore, of the present invention is to overcome theseobjections by providing a condenser system which eliminates the use of aliquid cooling medium, .or liquid as a heat transfer agent. v

A further object of the present invention is to provide a condensersystem wherein the vapor is condensed-and the hot condensate iscirculated the cooled liquor being then conveyedto suitable storagemeans.

Still a further object is to provide a condenser and liquor circulatorycooling means with efli-.

cient air cooled surfaces to rapidly transfer the heat units containedin the vapor and ammonia liquor to the atmosphere.

Another object is to provide a condenser receiver having a vaporcirculatory means above ,the condenser receiver and in opencommunication therewith, and a liquid circulatory means below thecondenser receiver and in circulatory communication therewith andadditional means for inducing circulation in the liquid circulatorymeans. I

A further object is to provide a condenser and storage unit having aliquor circulatory means in open communication therewith.

The manner of accomplishing these and other objects of the inventionwill be more apparent in view of the following description whenconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment of the inventionas applied to an intermittent absorption refrigerating system in whichthe condenser, receiver and liquid circulatory coils form a part.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation in a modified form ofa condenser system inwhich the condenser, re.-

ceiver and liquid circulatory coilsform a part.

Fig. 3 is a top plan' view of a portion of the condenser system shown inFig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a further modified form of a condensersystem in which the con- .denser, receiver and liquid circulatory coilsform apart.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the condenser unit shown in Fig.4.

In describing the invention, it will be assumed that a binary mixtureconsisting of ammonia and Water is used in correct proportions, althoughthe invention is not limited to the use of 'these fluids, as anysuitable agents may be used.

The generator absorber 5 containsa. charge of aqua ammonia. This chargeis heated b any suitable ignition means such as a. gas burner 6. Thegenerator vapor is conducted through conduit l to a water seal trap 8where the outlet portion of the conduit is carried adjacent to thebottom portion of the trap and immersed in water 8, the vapor or gas isforced through the water and out of the trap through conduit II, andinto rectifier l2, preferably at the top thereof, the major portion ofthe water contained in the vapor is separated therein and returns to thetrap 8 through conduit l3, overflowing therein into conduit l4, theopening of said conduit extending intermediate the top and bottom of thetrap, the water flowing through conduit l4 to the generator absorbercirculatory loop I5. The vapor continues under the pressure generated inthe generator absorber through conduit IE to the evaporator receivertube II, this tube being-in open communication with the evaporator I8,wherein the vapor is forced. Freezing tubes l9 are also in opencommunication vwith the evaporator and the vapor is likewise forced intothese tubes. As soon as vapor pressure is built up in the freezingtubes, evaporator and evaporator receiver tube, the said vapor is forcedin conduit 2|, where it encounters a liquid seal at about the level ofthe liquid in the generator absorber. Vapor also con-. tinues throughconduit 22 which enters the up leg 23 of the condenser receivercirculatory loop 24; it will be noted that conduit 22 is bent upwardadjacent to its connection to the condenser receiver circulatory loop.It will also be noted that the lower portion of the up leg 23 extendsbelow the circulatory loop forming a sump 23-11. The vapor fills theloop and continues up and into the condenser receiver 25 filling thesame. It will be noted the up leg 23 directs the vapor into an enlargedtube 26 which, in turn, is associated with condenser conduit 21, throughwhich the vapor passes into condenser coil 28; It will be noted that thesaid circulatory coil is provided with fins 2| for the purpose of rapidheat transfer. The condenser coil is preferably provided with fins .29or other means of enlarging the surface area. It will also be noted thatthe condenser coil 28 is of smaller diameter than conduit 21. Each legof the condenser coil is inclined downwardly, finally connecting intothe horizontal portion of the circulatory loop 24. The down leg of thecondenser receiver circulatory coil is formed into a U shape, as shownat 3|. The vapor is forced into'the condenser coil and therein"condensed, the condensate flowing down and into circulatory coil 24.The condensate fills the U 3| and flowing towards the up leg where theincoinin'g vap'or forces the liquid through the up leg into thecondenser receiver wherein it is stored and circulates through thecirculatory loo 24, throughout the period that heat is applied to thegenerator absorber, i. e., throughout the heating cycle.

A conduit 28 issecured to and in open communication with the upperportion of the condenser receiver and continues to the upper portion ofthe condenser coil 29 where it is secured to and in open communicationtherewith. The. said conduitprevents the unbalancing' of the vapors inthe condenser receiver and the riser conduit 21.

At the conclusion of the heating cycle, the heat is removed from thegenerator absorber and the refrigerating cycle starts. Ammonia liquor isnow stored in the circulatory loop 24 and in a portion of the condenserreceiver. It is obvious that the condenser receiver must be of largercapacity than the total amount of ammonia liquor introduced into thesystem in the form of the initial charge.

An ammonia pressure is built up in the conduits 26 and 21, condensercoil 28 and the unfilled portion of the condenser receiver. This ammoniapressure forces the ammonia liquor up conduit 22, entering evaporatorreceiver l1 and flowing down and into the evaporator and freezing tubes.I

During the refrigerating cycle the heat in the refrigerator is carriedoff through the boiling of the ammonia liquor in the freezing tubes. Thevapor thus formed passes from the evaporator, thence, to the evaporatorreceiver tube down through conduit 2| and through conduit l6, rectifierl2, conduit H and the water return conduit l4, to the still absorbercirculatory loop and into the generator absorber.

A drain conduit 32 enters a leg of the freezing tubes, having itsopening adjacent the bottom thereof, the drain conduit continuing up theleg of the freezing tubes, through the evaporatorand continuing to apoint higher than the highest point of the evaporator receiving tube,from this point it turns downward and enters an enlarged portion 33, aconduit 24 is attached thereto .and continues downward, then bendingslightly of the heating cycle, as soon as a slight pressure is createdin the system by the generator absorber, the pressure in the drainequalizes with the system and the drain ceases. The function of thedrain is to remove any trace of water in the freezing tubes, which wouldmaterially reduce the efficiency of the system.

In the modified form of condenser unit, asdisclosed in Fig. 2 and Fig.3, the vapor under pressure from the still absorber travels through thesystem and enters the down leg of the condenser circulatory loop 24 at apoint intermediate the lower portion of the U 8|, and the coil 24. Thevapor continues through the circulatory coll, thence, through the upleg'itand into the condenser receiver 25.

Associated with the upper portion of the condenser receiver and in fluidcommunication therewith are a plurality of U shaped 'riser tubes 38extending vertically therefrom. Vertical fins 31 are rigidly secured .tothe said tubes and extending radially therefrom to provide enlarged heattransfer surface. The vapor in the condenser receiver rises into thesetubes condensing therein, the condensate returning to the condenserreceiver wherein it is stored and circulated through the condenserreceiver circulatory loop with the aid of incoming vapor from thesystem. In this modified form, the condenser system is as efllcient I.as the system disclosed in Flg. 1. The function of this system duringthe refrigit will be noted thatthe unit; comprises a condenser receiver25, a. conduit 4| which is in open communication therewith, and itsupper tions of the inner cylinder are formed to provide an enlarged area45. A conduit 46 is secured to and in open communication with the skintype condenser, preferably at or near the bottom thereof. The saidconduit is bent down-' ward and is attached to and in open communicationwith the down leg 41 of the circulatory coil 48. It will be noted thatthe said coil has associated therewith fins 49. The down leg 41 of thecirculatory coil forms a U bend at its lower portion. The conduit 22 issecured to and in open communication with the up' leg of the said U bend5|. It will be noted that the conduit 22 is bent slightly upwardly atits connection to the circulatory coil. The operation of this condensersystem will now be described. The vapor is forced through conduit 22,entering the circulatory loop traveling through the same, and enters thecondenser receiver'filling the same and continues up the conduit 4!entering the top of the skin type condenser 42 and circulating thecondensate therein, the condensate traveling down conduit 46, and intothe down leg 41 of the circulatory loop and into the condenser receiver,either through the down leg or through the circulatory coil. When thecondenser re ceiver contains enough liquor to cover the ends of thecirculatory coil, a circulation of the liquor is set up by means of thepressure of the vapor received through conduit 22.

It will be understood that this invention is not restricted to condensermeans above the con-' denser receiver, as this portion of the unit maybe eliminated if desired without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe invention, i. e., where space is not available, all of thecondensing may be performed in the circulatory loop, thus, eliminatingthe necessity of condenser coils above the condenser receiver.

Having 'thus described our invention, what is claimed and desired to besecured by Letters Patent is:-

1. In an intermittent absorption refrigerating system including agenerator absorber, an evaporator and condenser all in operative cycle,the said condenser comprising a condenser receiver, condenser coilsabove the receiver and in fiuid communication therewith, a circulatoryloop below the receiver and in fluid communication therewith, theconnection from the evaporator to the condenser being made in thecirculatory loop.

2. In an intermittent absorption refrigerating system including agenerator absorber, an evaporator and condenser all in operative cycle,the said condenser comprising a condenser receiver, condenser coilsabove the receiver and in fluid communication therewith, a circulatoryloop below the receiver and in fluid communication therewith, theconnection from the "evaporator to the condenser being made in thecirculatory loop, the said condenser coils and circulatory loop beingprovided with finned surfaces.

3. In an intermittent absorption refrigerating system including agenerator absorber, an evaporator and condenser, all connected inoperative cycle, the said condenser comprising a condenser receiver,condensing means above the receiver and in fluid .communicationtherewith, a circulatory coil below the receiver and in fluid'communication therewith, the connection from the evaporator to thecondenser being made in the circulatory coil and directed therein toprovide circulation during the condensing cycle.

4. In an absorption refrigeratingsystem, including a still absorber,evaporator and condenser all-connected by conduits to form an operativesystem, the said condenser comprising a condenser receiver, condensermeans above the said receiver and in fluid communication therewith,

circulatory means below the said receiver and in fluid communicationtherewith, the conduit from the evaporator to the condenser beingconnected to the circulatory means, whereby the incoming vapor providescirculation therein of v the condensed liquor.

5. In an absorption cycle refrigerating system, a still absorber,evaporator, and condenser unit operatively connected in the order named,the said condenser unit including a receiver, condenser means above thesaid receiver and in open communication therewith, circulatory meansbelow the said receiver and in fluid communication therewith and meansto induce flow in said :circulatory loop.

6. In an absorptionrefrigerating system, a still absorber, evaporatorandcondenser unit operatively connected in the order named, the saidcondenser unit including a condensate receiver and condenser tubescarried above said .receiver and in fluid communication therewithwhereby gas evolved in said still absorber necessarily passes throughsaid evaporator and circulafes through said condensate receiver andcondenser tubes.

'7. In an absorption refrigerating system, a still absormr, evaporatorand condenser unit operatively connected in the order named, the saidcondenser unit including a condensate re-.

ceiver and air cooled condenser tubes carried above said condensatereceiver and in fluid communication'therewith whereby during thegenerating cycles the gas driven off from said still absorber mustnecessarily pass through said evaporator and circulate through saidcondensate receiver and air cooled condenser tubes.

EDMUND E. ALLYNE. WALTER J. GUZIK.

